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Реагирование на такие эпидемические вызовы очень сложны как организационно, так и финансово. Результат оценивается с течением времени при хорошо организованном эпидемиологическом надзоре. Согласно утвержденному плану реагирования на вспышку полиомиелита, возникшему в начале октября 2021 г., удалось только 1 февраля 2022 г. начать 1-й тур кампании. Он должен был длиться 3 недели и имел целью вакцинировать ИПВ 140 тыс. детей в возрасте от 6 мес. до 6 лет, пропустивших вакцинацию согласно Календарю. Практически к концу 3-й недели 1-го тура по состоянию на 18.02.2022 г. было провакцинировано лишь 28% детей от запланированного количества. Поэтому решили продлить 1-й тур еще дополнительно на 2 недели, что снова не было исполнено в связи с началом войны. Таким образом, фактически реагирования на вспышки полиомиелита не произошло.
The most common diseases associated with hypertension include: obesity, primarily abdominal obesity (AO), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), arrhythmias and conduction disorders, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cerebrovascular diseases , joint diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea syndrome, thyroid disease and other endocrine diseases. In this regard, the 2018 European Society of Hypertension and European Society of Cardiology guidelines emphasized the need for careful stratification of cardiovascular and overall risk of complications in order to select the most optimal antihypertensive therapy.
A separate problem is the treatment of hypertension in patients with COVID-19. The presence of a history of hypertension in patients with COVID-19 was associated with a more severe course of infection, in contrast to patients who did not have hypertension. According to modern concepts, during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with hypertension should carefully monitor their blood pressure levels and take constantly prescribed medications. This also applies to the use of so-called blockers of the renin-angiotensin system for the treatment of patients with hypertension: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. A number of recent studies show that these groups of drugs not only do not increase the risk of infection with the virus, but also significantly improve the course of coronavirus disease.
Treatment with corticosteroids (especially prednisolone ≥20 mg/day or equivalent) is associated with an increased risk of infection. However, it is unclear whether corticosteroid therapy is associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19 or its complications. Data on budesonide, a topical corticosteroid with low systemic bioavailability, show that these drugs are associated with significantly fewer side effects compared to systemic corticosteroids and their side effects are close to placebo. If possible, corticosteroids should be avoided and a rapid dose reduction considered, and a switch to budesonide is recommended. This must be taken into account, taking into account the risk of exacerbation of CKD. If a patient with COPD is in contact with a person with COVID-19 or develops COVID-19, it is recommended to gradually reduce the dose of corticosteroids, the use of budesonide is preferred, but taking into account the severity of COPD and the risk of exacerbation.
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