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В группе пожилых людей (старше 61 года) также были установлены гендерные особенности распределения самооценки здоровья респондентами. Так, половина опрошенных мужчин оценили собственное здоровье как «хорошо», что было в три раза больше по сравнению с женщинами (53% против 18%, р<0,01). У женщин, напротив, на 17 % была больше доля тех, кто оценил собственное здоровье как «посредственное». Почти каждая пятая женщина данного возраста считает собственное здоровье «плохим», в то время как ни один мужчина не дал такой оценки. Высокие оценки здоровья («отличное» и «очень хорошо») отсутствовали как у мужчин, так и у женщин.
5-ASA preparations have very weak immunosuppressive activity. There are no reports that these drugs are associated with an increased risk of infection, and studies evaluating the safety profile of 5-ASA do not show an increased risk of serious or opportunistic infections. Treatment with 5-ASA should be continued without concern for an increased risk of infection or severe COVID-19. If the patient is in contact with a patient with COVID-19 or develops COVID-19, treatment with 5-ASA should be continued.
Treatment with corticosteroids (especially prednisolone ≥20 mg/day or equivalent) is associated with an increased risk of infection. However, it is unclear whether corticosteroid therapy is associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19 or its complications. Data on budesonide, a topical corticosteroid with low systemic bioavailability, show that these drugs are associated with significantly fewer side effects compared to systemic corticosteroids and their side effects are close to placebo. If possible, corticosteroids should be avoided and a rapid dose reduction considered, and a switch to budesonide is recommended. This must be taken into account, taking into account the risk of exacerbation of CKD. If a patient with COPD is in contact with a person with COVID-19 or develops COVID-19, it is recommended to gradually reduce the dose of corticosteroids, the use of budesonide is preferred, but taking into account the severity of COPD and the risk of exacerbation.
A separate problem is the treatment of hypertension in patients with COVID-19. The presence of a history of hypertension in patients with COVID-19 was associated with a more severe course of infection, in contrast to patients who did not have hypertension. According to modern concepts, during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with hypertension should carefully monitor their blood pressure levels and take constantly prescribed medications. This also applies to the use of so-called blockers of the renin-angiotensin system for the treatment of patients with hypertension: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. A number of recent studies show that these groups of drugs not only do not increase the risk of infection with the virus, but also significantly improve the course of coronavirus disease.
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